Wikipedia
· History of Wikipedia
Wikipedia began with its launch on fifteen January 2001, two days once the domain was registered by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Its technological and abstract underpinnings predate this; the earliest known proposal for a web cyclopedia was created by Rick Gates in 1993, however the thought of a free-as-in-freedom on-line encyclopedia (as distinct from mere open source) was proposed by Richard Stallman in December 2000.
Crucially, Stallman's conception specifically enclosed the thought that no central organization ought to management writing. This characteristic greatly contrasted with trendy digital encyclopedias like Microsoft Encarta, Encyclopedia Britannica, and even Bemis’s Unpaid, which was Wikipedia's direct predecessor. In 2001, the license for Unpaid was changed to GFDL, and Wales and Sanger launched Wikipedia using the concept and technology of a wiki pioneered in 1995 by Ward Cunningham.[6] at first, Wikipedia was intended to complement Unpaid, an online encyclopedia project edited solely by experts, by providing additional draft articles and ideas for it. In apply, Wikipedia quickly overtook Unpaid, becoming a global project in multiple languages and inspiring a wide range of other online reference projects.
According to Alexa net, as of September 2018, Wikipedia is the world's fifth-most-popular website in terms of overall visitor traffic. Wikipedia’s worldwide monthly readership is approximately 495 million. Worldwide in September 2018, WMF Labs tallied 15.5 billion-page views for the month. According to comScore, Wikipedia receives over 117 million monthly unique visitors from the United States alone.
· Background
The conception of collecting the world's data during a single location dates back to the traditional Libraries of Alexandria and Pergamum, but the modern concept of a general-purpose, widely distributed, printed cyclopedia originated with Diderot and also the 18th-century French encyclopedists. The idea of exploitation machine-driven machinery on the far side the press to create a a lot of helpful cyclopedia are often copied to Paul Outlet’s 1934 book Trait Delaware documentation; Outlet conjointly founded the Mundaneum, an institution dedicated to indexing the world's knowledge, in 1910. This concept of a machine-assisted cyclopedia was more expanded in H. G. Wells' book of essays World Brain (1938) and Vanover Bush's future vision of the microfilm-based Meme in his essay "As we tend to could Think" (1945). Another milestone was Ted Nelson's hypertext design Project Xanadu, which was begun in 1960.
Advances in data technology within the late twentieth century crystal rectifier to changes within the sort of encyclopedias. While previous encyclopedias, notably the Encyclopedia Britannica, were book-based, Microsoft's Encarta, published in 1993, was available on CD-ROM and hyperlinked. The development of the globe Wide net diode to several tries to develop net cyclopedia comes. An early proposal for a web cyclopedia was Intermedia in 1993 by Rick Gates; this project died before generating any comprehensive content. Free code advocate Richard Stallman delineated the utility of a "Free Universal cyclopedia and Learning Resource" in 1999.His published document "aims to lay out what the free encyclopedia needs to do, what type of freedoms it has to provide the general public, and the way we are able to start on developing it." On Wednesday seventeen January 2001, two days after the founding of Wikipedia, the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) Gonopodia project went online, competing with Unpaid, but today the FSF encourages people "to visit and contribute to [Wikipedia]".
· Formulation of the concept
Wikipedia was at first planned as a feeder project for the Wales-founded Unpaid, Associate in Nursing earlier project to provide a free on-line cyclopedia, volunteered by Bemis, a web-advertising firm owned by Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell and Michael E. Davis. Unpaid was based upon the utilization of extremely qualified volunteer contributors Associate in Nursing an elaborate multi-step review method.[ Despite its list of interested editors, and the presence of a full-time editor-in-chief, Larry Sanger, a graduate philosophy student hired by Wales,[18] the writing of content for Unpaid was extremely slow, with only 12 articles written during the first year.
· Founding of Wikipedia
There was considerable resistance on a part of Nereida’s editors and reviewers to the thought of associating Unpaid with a wiki-style web site. Sanger advised giving the new project its own name, Wikipedia, and Wikipedia was soon launched on its own domain, wikipedia.com, on Monday 15 January 2001. The information measure and server (located in San Diego) used for these initial comes were given by Bemis. Many former Bemis employees later contributed content to the encyclopedia: notably Tim Shell, co-founder and later CEO of Bemis, and programmer Jason Richey.
· Development of Wikipedia
In March 2002, following the withdrawal of funding by Bemis during the dot-com bust, Larry Sanger left both Nupedia and Wikipedia. By 2002, Sanger and Wales differed in their views on how best to manage open encyclopedias. Both still supported the open-collaboration concept, but the two disagreed on how to handle disruptive editors, specific roles for experts, and the best way to guide the project to success.
Wales went on to ascertain self-governance and bottom-up autonomy by editors on Wikipedia. He made it clear that he would not be involved in the community's day-to-day management, but would encourage it to learn to self-manage and find its own best approaches. As of 2007, Wales chiefly restricts his own role to occasional input on serious matters, executive activity, advocacy of knowledge, and encouragement of similar reference projects.
· Organization
The Wikipedia project has adult quickly within the course of its life, at several levels. Content has matured organically through the addition of recent articles, new wikis are oscitations in English and non-English languages, and full new comes replicating these growth ways in other related areas (news, quotations, reference books and so on) have been founded as well. Wikipedia itself has full-grown, with the creation of the Wikimedia Foundation to act as Associate in Nursing umbrella body and also the growth of computer code and policies to deal with the wants of the editorial community. These are documented below:
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